Global optimization Rosen type transformer Electrical machine Shape memory alloys Bistable Actionneurs Numerical model Modèles numériques Actuators Nonlinear modeling Branch&Bound Dynamic lumped model Numerical simulation PIV Shape-memory Alloys Topology optimization PDE-constrained optimization Smart materials Piezoelectricity Inverse Problem Electromechanical actuator Magnetic coupling Modeling Steel sheet Piezoelectric energy harvester Lumped model Electromechanical impedance Hysterons Turbulence Relaxation method Sensitivity Analysis Finite elements Magnetostatics Boundary integral equations Lorentz force law Electrical machines Heat transfer enhancement Piezoelectric transformer Conception Magnetic Flux Leakage Analytical model Finite element method Hysteresis Additive manufacturing Sensitivity analysis Eddy currents Optimisation Play model Bistability SIMP method Topology Optimization Décharges partielles Force sensor Magnetic scalar potential Interval arithmetic FDTD Permanent Magnet Aerodynamics Exact global optimization PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Shear layer Optimization algorithms Electric motor Branch and Bound Algorithm Shooting method Partial discharges Simulation Torque Motor Piézoélectricité Modélisation HYBRIDIZATION Modèles analytiques Ironless Minor loops GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Optimal design Electroactive morphing Electromagnetism Adjoint Method Morphing Analytical modeling Control Maxwell equations Piezoelectric actuators Post-buckled beams Magnetic field Dimensionnement Design Energy harvesting Paschen Inverse problem Optimization Moteur électrique Optimal control Axial flux machines Electric Motors Deterministic global optimization Accouplement magnétique Slotless permanent magnet machines Iron losses